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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁8 s4 F; E% Y- K5 K# {
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“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”0 E: u0 T# q: b- q# Z
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:! o. l" U( D C
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”9 L6 k2 z. p. I! M5 a5 {1 u! P5 _6 F
不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:+ l! p4 l4 r" ^0 X y. f9 l$ r8 S
“They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”: ?7 k' t F) l3 y
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。& e9 B& e/ u U0 q: ~( n, t; V
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。
' r v+ G$ ~+ q/ @" m5 M# ]1 ^6 U Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:$ J: b! @4 \; W2 i8 ~6 w2 N
Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:
$ y$ D' f- U) o q ① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.
1 _* B( q# D/ Z7 J: s ② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.) F$ b0 q/ L% C% t( a' c" W
Ⅱ表示“反意见”:0 g' o* }( P& K% w
But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:
$ z4 K6 Q: B" L+ p6 A ③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
0 z# |6 Q- ]/ }% T ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.1 | u) K9 I1 [/ b* Z
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:
4 {" c8 f4 a3 \/ W% t Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
' i, I W' e( H( i' g, B1 Q ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.
! E8 ]* I6 s4 O5 e/ M5 u$ ^ ⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.3 H; u, t* D! O1 F
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:2 A ]2 T. x( y8 N/ U
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如: Q- _( L* q3 b! G% g) N9 ~
⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
6 h4 [- n3 l( M1 @ ⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.+ e+ u. t: f. u
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:; B/ N- j* U' ?+ I9 R( l1 Z& R
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:
& E) q6 x- m9 t. q. S ⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".. H E- ~ c# z% m" \6 N& q
Ⅵ表示“结束”:
0 \$ h% A3 A- |3 j) g M$ k To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
& g/ h3 s9 A2 M+ ^, \ ⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
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